Ziwalo zophwanyika za makina ophwanyika—kuphatikizapo mbale za m'kamwa, zolumikizira ma cone, ndi mipiringidzo yophwanyika—ndizo zigawo zomwe zimasinthidwa nthawi zambiri mu ntchito za migodi ndi ntchito zophatikizana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti 30% ya ndalama zosamalira pachaka za fakitale yophwanyika. Kuphwanyika msanga sikuti kumawonjezera nthawi yopuma komanso ndalama zosinthira komanso kumasokoneza nthawi yopangira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuyang'anira zigawo zophwanyika kukhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakugwira ntchito bwino. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza njira zazikulu zophwanyika zomwe zimakhudza zigawo zophwanyika ndikupereka njira zozikidwa pa umboni kuti ziwonjezere moyo wawo, pogwiritsa ntchito deta yokonza mafakitale ndi mfundo za sayansi ya zinthu.
Kuwonongeka kwa zida zophwanyira si chinthu chongochitika mwachisawawa; kumayendetsedwa ndi njira zitatu zazikulu, iliyonse yogwirizana ndi momwe imagwirira ntchito komanso zinthu zina. Chofala kwambiri ndi ichikuvala kowawa, zomwe zimachitika pamene tinthu tolimba, tozungulira (monga granite kapena basalt) timakanda pamwamba pa zinthu zosweka, ndikuchotsa pang'onopang'ono zinthuzo. Njira imeneyi imayambitsa kuwonongeka kosakwana 60% kwa nsagwada ndi ma cone liners, makamaka m'mafakitale omwe amakonza miyala ya silica yambiri. Chachiwiri ndikuwonongeka kwa mphamvu, chifukwa cha kugundana kwachangu pakati pa zinthu zodyetsera ndi zinthu zina monga mipiringidzo yophwanyira zinthu. Kuwonongeka kwamtunduwu kumachitika kawirikawiri m'mafakitale obwezeretsanso zinthu, pomwe zinyalala za konkriti ndi zinyalala zomangira zimabweretsa zinthu zogwedezeka mobwerezabwereza. Pomaliza,kutopaZimachitika chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwa cyclic: pamene zigawo za crusher zimagwedezeka zikamadzazidwa mosalekeza, ming'alu yaying'ono imapangika pamwamba, zomwe pamapeto pake zimapangitsa kuti zinthu ziwonongeke. Ma cone crushers, omwe amagwira ntchito mokakamizidwa kwambiri, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi vuto la kutopa pa mantle ndi concave liners.
Kumvetsetsa njira zimenezi ndi gawo loyamba lokulitsa nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito zinthu zomwe zawonongeka, koma kuchitapo kanthu kumafuna kusankha zinthu, kuziyika bwino, komanso kuzisamalira mosamala.
Kusankha zinthundiye maziko a kukana kuvala. Mwachitsanzo, Mn13Cr2 ndi chisankho chotsika mtengo pakugwiritsa ntchito kukanda pang'ono mpaka pakati, monga kuphwanya miyala yamchere, chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zolimbitsira ntchito zomwe zimalimba zikagundidwa. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, Mn18Cr2—yokhala ndi chromium yambiri—imapereka kukana kwabwino kwambiri kwa kuvala zinthu zokhala ndi silika wambiri monga granite, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali m'malo ovuta migodi. Kugwirizanitsa zinthuzo ndi kuuma kwa zinthu zodyetsera komanso kukanda kungachepetse kuchuluka kwa kuvala ndi 20-30%, malinga ndi deta yochokera ku International Mining and Resources Conference (IMARC).
Kukhazikitsa bwino ndi kusamalira nthawi zonsendizofunikanso kwambiri. Ngakhale zipangizo zolimba kwambiri zimalephera kugwira ntchito msanga ngati zitayikidwa molakwika. Pa zotsukira nsagwada, kuonetsetsa kuti mbale za nsagwada zili bwino ndi mipata yofanana zimateteza kuwonongeka kosagwirizana ndipo zimachepetsa kupsinjika pa chogwirira cha mbale. Pa zotsukira nsagwada, kuyang'ana pafupipafupi kwa mpata wa mantle-to-concave ndi torque pa ma bolts osungira kungathetse kusalingana komwe kumayambitsa kutopa. Kuphatikiza apo, kudzola mafuta a pivot points ndi kuwunika nthawi ndi nthawi makulidwe a gawo losweka (pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso a ultrasound kapena calipers) zimathandiza magulu kukonza nthawi yosinthira zinthu zisanachitike ngozi, kuchepetsa nthawi yopuma yosakonzekera.
Kukonza magwiridwe antchitoKuonjezera apo, kumawonjezera nthawi yayitali ya gawo lowonongeka. Kulamulira kukula ndi kufalikira kwa chakudya kumachepetsa mphamvu ya kugwedezeka: mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito chodyetsa chogwedezeka kuti chigawire zinthu mofanana mu chipinda chophwanyira kumaletsa kuwonongeka kwa malo omwe ali mbali imodzi ya mbale ya nsagwada. Kuyang'ana zinthu zodyetsa musanachotse zingwe (tinthu tating'ono tosakwana 10mm) kumachepetsanso kuwonongeka kwa abrasive, chifukwa zingwe zimagwira ntchito ngati chopukusira pakati pa gawo lowonongeka ndi miyala ikuluikulu. Pomaliza, kusintha makonda a crusher—monga closed side setting (CSS) mu cone crushers—kuti zigwirizane ndi kukula kwa chinthu chomwe mukufuna kumapewa kuphwanya kwambiri, komwe kumawonjezera kupsinjika kosafunikira pa ma liners.
Pomaliza, kukulitsa nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito zida zogwirira ntchito za crusher si nkhani yosankha zinthu "zovuta kwambiri", koma kugwiritsa ntchito njira yonse yomwe imayang'ana njira zogwirira ntchito pa gawo lililonse la ntchito. Mwa kusankha zipangizo zomwe zimagwirizana ndi mawonekedwe a chakudya, kukhazikitsa njira zokhazikika zokhazikitsira ndi kukonza, komanso kukonza magwiridwe antchito, oyang'anira mafakitale amatha kuchepetsa kwambiri ndalama zokonzera ndikuwonjezera kudalirika kwa kupanga. Kwa mabizinesi omwe ali mumakampani opanga zida zogwirira ntchito, kuyika ndalama mu nthawi yayitali ya zida zogwirira ntchito sikuti ndi njira yongopulumutsa ndalama zokha - ndi sitepe yopita ku ntchito zokhazikika komanso zogwira mtima.
Nthawi yotumizira: Feb-04-2026